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Published · transcript-backed

Adam Marblestone: belief

30 Dec 2025 Dwarkesh Podcast Adam Marblestone — AI is missing something fundamental about the brain

“I think you either have to have special cell types or you have to somehow otherwise get special wiring rules that evolution can say this neuron needs to wire to this neuron, without any learning. And the way that that is most likely to happen, I think, is that those cells express different receptors and proteins that say, “Okay, when this one comes in contact with this one, let’s form a synapse.”

— Adam Marblestone

Source trail

Everything needed to verify it.

Speaker
Adam Marblestone
Attribution
Verified speaker
Claim type
belief
Recorded
30 Dec 2025
Publisher
Dwarkesh Podcast

Transcript context

…But you’re saying that the only way to write this reward function is to have a special cell type? Yeah, well, I think so. I think you either have to have special cell types or you have to somehow otherwise get special wiring rules that evolution can say this neuron needs to wire to this neuron, without any learning. And the way that that is most likely to happen, I think, is that those cells express different receptors and proteins that say, “Okay, when this one comes in contact with this one, let’s form a synapse. ” So it’s genetic wiring, and those need cell types to do it. I’m sure this would make a lot more sense if I knew 101 neuroscience, but it seems like there’s still a lot of complexity, or generality rather, in the Steering Subsystem. So if the Steering Subsystem has its own visual system that’s separate from the visual cortex, different features still need to plug into that vision system. So the spider thing needs to plug into it and also the love thing needs to plug into it, et cetera, et cetera. So it seems complicated.…

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